Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Industry
refers
to the material production sector which is engaged in extraction of natural
resources and processing and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural
products, including (1) extraction of natural resources, such as mining, salt
production, logging (but not including hunting and fishing); (2) processing and
reprocessing of farm and sideline produces, such as rice husking, flour
milling, wine making, oil pressing, cotton ginning, silk reeling, spinning and
weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture of industrial products, such as
steel making, iron smelting, chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing,
machine building, timber processing; water and gas production and electricity
generation and supply; (4)repairing of industrial products such as the
repairing of machinery and means of transport (including cars).
In industrial statistics surveys, the units
of enquiry are corporate industrial enterprises with independent accounting
systems.
The statistical range of the data: From 1998
to 2006 including all the state-owned Industrial Enterprises, and
Non-state-owned Industrial Enterprises with main business income above 5
million yuan (RMB). From 2007 to 2010 including the
industrial enterprises with annual main business income above 5 million yuan (RMB) (Industrial Enterprises above
Designated Size). From 2011 including the industrial enterprises with annual
main business income above 20 million yuan (RMB) (Industrial
Enterprises above Designated Size).
State-owned
and State-holding Enterprises refer to state-owned enterprises plus State-holding enterprises.
State-owned enterprises (originally known as State-run enterprises with
ownership by the whole society) are non-corporate economic entities registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the People��s Republic of
For explanation of enterprises of other
types of registration covered in this chapter, please refer to General Survey.
Light
Industry refers to the industry that produces consumer goods and hand tools. It
consists of two categories, depending on the materials used:
(1) Industries using farm products as raw
materials. These are branches of light industry which directly or indirectly
use farm products as basic raw materials, including the manufacture of food and
beverages, tobacco processing, textile, clothing, fur and leather
manufacturing, paper making, printing, etc.
(2) Industries using non farm products as raw
materials. These are branches of light industry which use manufactured goods as
raw materials, including the manufacture of cultural, educational articles and
sports goods, chemicals, synthetic fiber, chemical products for daily use,
glass products for daily use, metal products for daily use, hand tools, medical
apparatus and instruments, and the manufacture of cultural and clerical
machinery.
Heavy
Industry refers to the industry, which produces
capital goods, and provides various sectors of the national economy with
necessary material and technical basis. It consists of the following three
branches according to the purpose of production or the use of products:
(1)Mining, quarrying and logging industry
refers to the industry that extracts natural resources, including extraction of
petroleum, coal, metal and non-metal ores and logging.
(2) Raw materials industry refers to the
industry that provides various sectors of the national economy with raw
materials, fuels and power. It includes smelting and processing of metals,
coking and coke chemistry, chemical materials and building materials such as
cement, plywood, and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing.
(3) Manufacturing industry refers to the
industry that processes raw materials. It includes machine-building industry,
which equips sectors of the national economy, industries of metal structure and
cement products, industries producing means of agricultural production, such as
chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
According to the above principle of
classification, the repairing trades which are engaged primarily in repairing
products of heavy industry are classified into heavy industry while these
engaged in repairing products of light industry are classified into light
industry.
Gross
Industrial Output Value is the total volume of
final industrial products produced and industrial services provided during a
given period in monetary terms. It reflects the total achievements and overall
scale of industrial production during a given period.
Principles for calculation:
(1) Statistics on industrial production
follow the principle that all final industrial products produced and industrial
services provided during the reference period are to be included. The final
industrial products are included as long as being produced during the reference
period, no matter whether they are sold or not during the reference period. The
gross industrial output value will not cover those products that are not from
industrial production.
(2)Determination of final products follows
the principle that all products that are included in the calculation of gross
industrial output value are the final products of the enterprise which have
been accepted through quality check and require no further processing. The
intermediate products sold by enterprises are considered as the final products
of the enterprise and counted into the gross industrial output value. However,
for the intermediate products being transferred among workshops and the
work-in-progress products, only the balance value from the beginning to the end
of the period is calculated.
(3)Gross industrial output value is
calculated following the principle of factory approach, i.e. industrial
enterprise with legal entity is used as a whole in calculating the gross industrial
output value, which will cover the total value of final industrial products
produced and industrial services provided by these enterprises during the
reference period.
Value-added
of Industry refers to the final results of industrial production of industrial
enterprises in money terms during the reference period.
Industrial value-added can be calculated by
two approaches: the production approach, i.e. gross industrial output value
minus intermediate input plus value-added tax, and the income approach, i.e.
income for various factors used in the course of production, including
depreciation of fixed assets, remuneration of labourers,
net of production tax, and operating surplus. Value-added of industry in the
Yearbook is calculated by production approach as following:
Value-added of industry = gross industrial
output �C industrial intermediate input + value-added tax
Total
Assets refer to all resources that are owned or
controlled by enterprises through previous trades or transactions with
expectation of making economic profits. Classified by the degree of liquidity,
total assets include current assets, and non-current assets. Current assets can
be classified into monetary assets, trading financial assets, notes receivable,
accounts receivable, advanced payments, other prepaid money and inventories.
Non-current assets can be divided into long-term equity investment, fixed
assets, intangible assets and other non-current assets. Data on this indicator
can be obtained by the year-end figures of total assets in the Assets and Liability Table of accounting
records of enterprises.
Total
of Working Capitals refer to the assets that meet one of the
following requirements: (1) expected to be cashed, sold or used in a normal
operation cycle, mainly including inventory and accounts receivable; (2) be
owned for trading purpose mainly; (3) expected to be cashed in one year
(including one year) from the day of the
Assets and Liability Table; (4) unlimited cash or cash equivalents that can
be exchanged with other assets or being capable of settling debts during one
year since the day of Assets and
Liability Table. Included are monetary assets, notes receivable, accounts
receivable and inventories. Data on this indicator can be obtained by the
year-end figures of total current assets in the Assets and Liability Table of the accounting records of
enterprises.
Original
Value of Fixed Assets refers to the cost of fixed assets, or the total expenditure of an
enterprise spent on certain fixed assets, through purchase, construction,
installation, transformation, expansion or technical upgrading. It is reported
according to the year-end debit balance of fixed assets of accounting records.
Total
Liabilities refer to payable liabilities of enterprises that accumulated from previous
trades or transactions with expectation of economic profits leaking out. In
terms of payment, it can be divided into liquid liabilities and long-term
liabilities. Data on this item is obtained from the year-end figures on total
liabilities from the Assets and Liability Table of the accounting record of the
enterprises.
Owner��s
Equity refers to the residual ownership of
enterprise investors by deducting total liabilities from the total assets,
including the paid-in capital, accumulation of capital, operating surplus and
non-distributed profits. Data are obtained from the year-end figures on ��total
equity�� from the Assets and Liability Table of the accounting record of
enterprise.
Revenue
from Principal Business refers to the annual accumulation of the corresponding item in the ��profit
table�� of the accountant. For enterprises that do not follow the 2001
Enterprise Accounting Standards, the year-end accumulation of revenue from the
sales of products is used as a substitute.
Total
Profits refers to the operation results in a
certain accounting period, and it is the balance of various incomes minus
various spending in the course of operation, reflecting the total profits and
losses of enterprises in reporting period. Data are obtained from the amount of
��total profits�� in the ��profit table�� of the accounting record of enterprise.
Ratio
of Profits, Taxes and Interests to Average Assets
reflects the profit-making capability of all assets of the enterprise and is a
key indicator manifesting the performance and management and evaluating the
profit-making potential of the enterprise. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of profits, taxes and interests to
average as sets (%) =[(total profits + total taxes +
interest payment) / average assets ]�� 100%
In the above formula, total taxes is the sum
of tax and extra charges from principal business and value-added tax payable;
and average assets is the arithmetic mean of the sum of beginning assets and
ending assets.
Ratio
of Debts to Assets reflects both the operation risk
and the capability of the enterprise in making use of the capital from the
creditors. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of debts to assets (%) = (total debts
/ total assets)��100%
Ratio
of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers to the
ratio of profits realized in a given period to the total costs in the same
period, which reflects the economic efficiency of input cost and is calculated
as follows:
Ratio of profits to total industrial cost (%)=(total profits/total cost s)�� 100%
Turnover
of Working Capital refers to the number of times of
turnover of working capital in a given period of time, which reflects the speed
of the turnover of working capital of industrial enterprises, and is calculated
as follows:
Turnover of working capital=(main business income)/( average balance of total current
assets)
Ratio
of Sales to Gross Output Value reflects the degree
at which industrial products are sold. It helps to analyze the linkage between
production and sales and the extent of the needs of the society that has been met
by the supply of industrial products. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value=[Industrial sales /Gross industrial output value]�� 100%