Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions of Administrative Areas refers to the division of
administrative areas by the State. The relative laws stipulate that 1) the
whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government; 2) provinces and autonomous regions are
further divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 3) autonomous prefectures are further divided into counties, autonomous
counties and cities; 4) counties and autonomous counties are further divided
into townships, ethnic townships and towns; 5) municipalities directly under
the Central Government and large cities are divided into districts and
counties, 6) the State shall, when necessary, establish special administrative
regions.
Average
Annual Growth Rate shows
the average growth rate of social and economic development during a longer
period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate. The
relation is:
Average
Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed of Development �C 1
Average
speed of development is the time series average of speed which calculated by
chain based. Because the reference bases during the different periods are not
same, average speed of development can not be calculated by the general method.
Level approach and accumulative approach for calculating average speed of
development rate are applied. The ��level approach��, or the method of
calculating the geometric average, is derived by the formula of geometric average
of the chain-based speeds of development, or comparing the level of the last
year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called the
��accumulative approach�� or the ��algebraic average��, ��equation�� method, which is
derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval
divided by the figure in the base year. The level approach focuses on the level
of the last year, while the accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate
development in the duration.
The
average annual growth rates listed in the Yearbook are calculated by the level
approach. The base year is not listed in the duration for which average annual
growth rates are computed. For instance, the average annual growth rate of the
43 years since 1949 is shown as the average annual growth rate of 1950-1992
without showing the base year 1949.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The
new Industrial Classification of the
National Economy (GB/T 4754-2011) is introduced starting from the
compilation of 2012 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 2002 classification, was organized by the
National Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities
(ISIC/Rev.4) of the United Nation. The new Classification was promulgated by the National Administration of
Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the Standardization Administration
of the People��s Republic of
Registration
Status of Enterprises Enterprises
are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises,
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned
Enterprises refers to
non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned by the State
and which have been registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People��s Republic of
Collective-owned
Enterprises refers
to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have been
registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People��s Republic of
Cooperative
Enterprises
refers to a form of collective economic units (enterprises) where
capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain proportion of
capital from the outside, where production is organized on the basis of
independent operation, independent accounting for profits and losses, joint
work, democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates
remuneration according to work with dividend according to capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refers to economic units
established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of
the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of
voluntary participation, equality, and mutual benefits. They include State
joint ownership enterprises; collective joint ownership enterprises; joint
State-collective enterprises; and other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations refers
to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors and
registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People��s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to
its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations
include solely State-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refers to
economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People��s Republic of
Private
Enterprises refers
to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural persons, or
controlled by natural persons using employed labour. Included in this category
are private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations
Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered
in accordance with the Company Law,
the Law on Partnership Business
and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises .
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refers to domestic-funded economic
units other than those mentioned above.
Joint
Venture Enterprises (Funds are from Hong Kong, Macau and
Cooperative
Enterprises (Funds are from Hong Kong, Macau and
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Taiwan refers
to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the
former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant
State regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Other
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refers
to partnership enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Joint
Venture Enterprises with Foreign Investment refers to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of
Cooperative
Enterprises with Foreign Investment
refers to enterprises jointly established by foreign
enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the
People��s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and
other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and the
sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment
refers to
enterprises established in the mainland of
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refers to
share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the former
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant State
regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25%
of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Other
Enterprises with Foreign Funds refers
to partnership enterprises established within the
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are
classified into the following categories by source of funds and manner of
management taking reference of the registration status of enterprises:
(1)
Government agencies: include State and party agencies, classified in principle
as State-owned. There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives
which are classified as collective-owned.
(2)
Institutions: include institutions of various types established with the
approval by organization and staffing departments of the government, but
exclude institutions where enterprise management system is introduced.
Institutions are further classified as follows:
(a)
Institutions for which their main budgets are from government budget
appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their
competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b)
Institutions for which their budget mainly come from collective units. Such
institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c)
Social institutions established by individual or a group of citizens, which are
classified as private.
(d)
Institutions other than those mentioned above for which their sources of budget
are not clear. Such institutions are classified by the manner of management.
(3)
Social organizations: include social organizations established with the
approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations such as trade unions,
women��s federations etc.. Social organizations are further classified as
follows:
(a)
Social organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs such as trade unions, women
federations, communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and
commerce associations, scientist associations, overseas Chinese associations,
etc., foundations and fund management organizations established with funds from
the state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of
their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
State-owned.
(b)
Social organizations for which their budget mainly come from collective units.
Such institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c)
Social organizations established by individual or a group of citizens, which
are classified as private.
(d)
Social organizations other than those mentioned above for which their sources
of budget are not clear. Such organizations are classified by the manner of
management.